The journal adheres to high standards of academic integrity and publication ethics, following the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Retraction of articles is implemented in cases where the publication contains serious violations or errors that render the results unreliable.

 

1. Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted in cases of:

• plagiarism, data fabrication, or data falsification;
• duplicate publication without appropriate citation of the original;
• significant methodological or factual errors that undermine the validity of the results;
• ethical breaches regarding authorship, conflicts of interest, or peer review;
• other cases of research misconduct that compromise the journal’s or the scientific community’s integrity.

2. Submission and Review Procedure

Retraction may be initiated by the authors, the editorial office, or third parties submitting supporting evidence.

The editorial office evaluates the validity of the grounds for retraction, analyzing the manuscript, supplementary materials, and explanations provided by the authors.

The review process is conducted objectively and confidentially, following FAIR principles and COPE guidelines.

3. Decision Making

The Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the editorial board and, if necessary, independent experts, makes the final decision on retraction.

In the event of retraction, the article is marked with a Retraction Notice on the journal website and in indexing databases.

4. Retraction Notice

The retraction notice must be transparent and include:

• the title of the article and the authors;
• the reason for retraction;
• the date the decision was made.

The notice should remain linked to the original article, which stays publicly available with a “Retracted” label.

5. Rights and Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are required to cooperate with the editorial office during the retraction review process.

Authors may provide explanations or additional evidence to clarify the situation.

Authors must respect the editorial decision and ensure accuracy in reporting their research in subsequent publications.

6. Principles

Retractions are conducted to protect the reliability of the scientific record and the reputation of the journal.

The retraction process must be objective, transparent, and fair.

All parties involved are required to maintain confidentiality and adhere to ethical standards.