SEAFARER TRAINING IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES

https://doi.org/10.33815/2313-4763.2025.2.31.166-176

Abstract

The maritime industry, accounting for over 80% of global trade by volume, faces unprecedented challenges in preparing personnel to meet contemporary demands driven by digitalization, decarbonization, labor market globalization, and demographic transformations. These megatrends are fundamentally reshaping maritime education and training (MET) systems, necessitating a transition from conventional methodologies to adaptive data-driven, and technology-enhanced approaches. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of MET, identifying critical barriers such as the shortage of modern simulator facilities, limited access to reliable high-speed internet for remote learning, the rapid obsolescence of professional competencies, and disparities in certification quality across regions. Concurrently, it delineates transformative opportunities enabled by the integration of blended learning models, immersive virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies, performance-based assessment frameworks, and modular micro-credentialing systems. Drawing on industry reports, regulatory frameworks (including IMO and MLC resolutions), and pedagogical research, the study proposes a conceptual "Blended Learning Model" that integrates three sequential phases: online theoretical instruction, hands-on simulator-based training, and AI-driven competency evaluation. This model is designed to address infrastructure deficiencies, enhance accessibility, and ensure high-quality training outcomes while aligning with the Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) requirements and industry expectations for future-ready seafarers. The online theoretical phase leverages interactive e-learning platforms, offering multimedia modules on STCW competencies, updated regulatory codes (e.g., Polar Code, IGF Code), and emerging topics such as alternative fuel safety and digital navigation systems. The simulator-based training phase focuses on practical skill development in realistic scenarios, mitigating the limitations of outdated equipment. The final phase employs data-driven assessments with quantitative KPIs to ensure robust competency verification, supporting career progression through stackable micro-credentials. The research provides actionable recommendations for stakeholders—regulatory bodies, shipowners, and educational institutions—to harmonize blended learning standards, develop modern assessment tools, and invest in digital infrastructure to bridge disparities in access, particularly in underserved regions. By adopting flexible and scalable digital learning technologies, the maritime sector can cultivate a highly skilled and resilient workforce capable of navigating technological advancements, sustainability imperatives, and stringent safety demands in 21st-century shipping. The study not only critically examines structural barriers but also articulates a forward-looking vision for resilient seafarer training in a rapidly evolving global environment, emphasizing the need for international collaboration to ensure equitable and effective MET systems.